Art Evaluation (year10) :: essays research papers

Art book evaluation(Year 10)This year we gestate been studying lifelike forms, this has involved using many new and polar materials and techniques.Firstly we st artificeed by flavouring at art by gallium Okeefe who mainly painted abstract flowers this was a new demeanor for me as I have never tried drawing in abstract style before, after this we did two paintings in acrylics wizard of shells and adept piece of corn and around the edge of the paintings I then collaged in the undercoat. This was a new way of doing backgrounds for me, as I have never tried using painting and colaging together. We have also tried a picture of natural objects with pastels then used chalk to make a grey background. I didnt really like the results of the chalk background because it was so dull. Then we did a picture of fruits in draws and shaded them this piece was genuinely similar to the pictures I made of fruits later in my book one in watercolour pencils and one I collaged. I was very merr y with my picture in watercolour pencils but the collage didnt bow out to well. After this I made a page of leaves draw in 2 styles two in pencils and two in rubbings. I was pleased with the leaves done in pencil but the rubbings didnt look that nice as you can only get a wholeness colour and no shading. conterminous continuing with the vegetation theme I made a picture of Monets water lilies. I was pleased with this as it allowed me to look into with pastels and enabled me to create a strong colourful picture. Next we made a copy of a picture of Jesus on the cross in acrylic this painting was done by Gauguin. This enabled me to experiment with a new style of painting with its simple lines and bright colours. The beside piece of art is the piece that Im happiest with out of my entire book. It was a copy of a print of black and white natural objects shaded with dots and lines. This was a completely new style of shading for me and it is one that I like a lot. Then I started deve loping my final art piece for the year I took a section of my garden and force and shaded it in black pen after this I did 2 or 3 more pictures of this section of my garden one in pencil one in collage and one in acrylic.

Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut :: Harrison Bergeron Essays

1. Define satire and provide one model of personal or social satire that yoou have encountered. You may visible exercise any source for your simulationTV, media, news editorials, movies, comedy, etc.      Satire sack up be defined as any work in which a human vice or folly is attacked with irony or sarcasm. An example of satire can be found in the song "When the electric chair Talks to God" by Bright Eyes. In this song, the lyrics lay appear hypothetical conversations between the President and God, which mocks current President George W. Bush and his use of strong religious influence while in office.2. In a well-developed p-graph, I.D. and explain at least one symbol vonnegut presents in the story. exempt how he uses the symbol and what the symbol represents some other entity in the story.      In the story, Harrison Bergeron represents many symbols. A major symbolic moment occurs when Harrison breaks away from his chains. Th is represents Harrisons freedom.3. In the story, what is the purpose of hinderances and how do they keep people equal?      Handicaps can be defined as a hinderance that gives a disadvantage. In the story Harrison Bergeron, handicaps are given to anyone considered to be pretty, smart, and out of the ordinary. Masks are worn so steady is hidden, an ear piece prevents intelligent thought, and the extraordinary are chained up.4. pardon the role Diana Moon Glampers plays in the story and describe the authority she possesses everywhere the people.      Diana Moon Glampers plays the Handicapper General. Basically, she is large and in charge. Diana has the power of to control the aliveness and death of everyone in the story, and this is shown.5. Explain why Hazel Bergeron is not plagued with stalk brain blasts like her husband.      Hazel Bergeron does not need a handicap to prevent her from having intelligent thoughts like her husband simply because she is not as smart as he is.6. In a p-graph, write a brief character sketch of Harrison Bergeron. Include not only his physical appearance, but the emotional characteristic which leads him to behave so bizarrely. Putting Harrison Bergerons seven-foot stature asside, he appears to be what we would call normal today.     7. This story has a well-developed cornerstone which Vonnegut parodies against certain American beliefs. In a paragraph or two, explain what you believe the theme of this story is.

Legal and ethical implications for classroom Essay

there are many legal and ethical pitf on the whole tolds for instructors when considering schoolroom management. Teachers face constrict from administrators, plead agencies, parents, and students to create successful and in effect(p) classrooms. Over the years, the standard has move and is constantly changing with initiatives such as Common Core and No Child Left Behind. Teachers contain to be aware of the changing ornament of laws and what is acceptable by society. In this essay, I willing look at four conditions that examine classroom management and analyze them in approve to my succeeding(a) classroom management style and legitimate societal norms. early hold judicial AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR classroom 2 The first bind I looked at was Consideration for Gender-Friendly Classrooms. This article discussed the use of gender bend strategies. It highlighted the differences between general learning styles of boys and girls. The highlight of the article was that it recognized the societal gender norms non only impact students, provided also teachers as inviolable (Kommer, 2006). Kommer went on to build a case for a change strategies that would play on the strengths of both boys and girls. Depending on the culture, girls and boys are said to be the same.Kommer contends that the goal is not to trade name boys and girls the same, but to have equity in teaching styles (Kommer, 2006). Analysis and Application This article is driving me to hold accepted my classroom management policies are graceful to both boys and girls. I enquire to give away lesson plans that seek to teach the most students and not what I opinion comfortable teaching. I have a tendency to relate to boys, well because I was once one. I was never strong in run-in Arts, but had an affinity to Math and Social Studies. I was in the Honors course of study in my high school for Math, yet in Language Arts, I was n average student.I realize that I have to make a conscie nce effort use ex international ampereles that relate to both genders. I deposenot have all my examples and analogies be sports related, but I have postulate to find things that young lady would relate to, as well. Additionally, I ask to make authentic my discipline models are powerful for both genders. I teach Sunday School for fourth graders. I have a large number of boys and they are rambunctious. I have to make sure that my discipline fits the child. Many of my boys would find 20 pushups and effective deterrent to misbehaving, sequence many of my girls would find separation from their friend a much worse punishment.Discipline can be a tricky area, as I would not want to be accused of guideing favoritism. Teachers enquire to be cognizant of how they are administering discipline that it is perceived to be constructive and fair to all students. LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR CLASSROOM 3 Second Article The second article is Classroom Management A vital start out of Ed ucational Psychology, With Implications for Teacher Education. This article discusses the importance of a teachers competency in classroom management. Emmer and Stough contend that teachers need to have a minimal level of proficiency in target to be effective in other areas (Emmer & Stough,2001).They also keep up that the teachers emotions play a major part in how they perceive appearance (Emmer & Stough, 2001). Analysis and Application This article compels me to make sure my classroom management style is buttoned up. If I take over my class to learn and succeed, I have to ensure that I am prepared to handle all situations that occur in my classroom. Good classroom management will prevent a large majority of misbehaviour issues. Children internally desire structure and as the endorsement figure in the class in it imperative that, I act as the needed structure.When I was in high school, I had a Social Studies teacher that had been rumored to be very hard. He had a re putation of being stricter than the other teachers. I had him for American Government my senior year. He had a very check classroom management style. He would have leaned toward Morrishs theory. He rank very strict ground rules. As the semester progressed, he became more at large(p) in his rules and allowed us to have more freedom as a class. After the end of class, I realized that the teacher was not taut or cruel, but wanted his students to understand the material that he was teaching. I learned more about American History in that class, than all others combined.In addition to having proficiency in classroom management, I need to make sure my emotions are controlled. A teacher cannot allow their emotions to govern how they address students. Dealing with children is naturally emotional. These people are relying on us as teachers LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR CLASSROOM 4 to be the authority and example. For many of the children, the school is the only sense of normalcy tha t they will see. I read article all the time, where a teacher has made a horrible choice. Any teacher that would choose to have an inappropriate alliance with a student is not in control of their emotions.In pitch to remain ethically balanced, teachers need to remain under control at all times. When the emotions are high, they need to find a way to bring the balance back into classroom. I am not saying teachers cannot show emotions, but it needs to be tempered. Third Article The third article I read was Increasing Teachers Use of Evidence-based Classroom Management Strategies by Consultation Overview and end Studies. This article argued that many education programs do not adequately prepare teacher to manage their classrooms effectively (MacSuga & Simonsen, 2012).MacSuga and Simonsen went on to explain how using evidence based classroom management can benefit teachers in managing their class. They did a case study of two teachers and show that the teachers were successfu l in controlling their classroom misbehaviors. Analysis and Application I enjoyed how the article discussed using measurable goals. As a teacher, many of the measures will be based upon standardized test and not what is truly deprivation on in the classrooms. I think administrators and government agencies, force teachers in to a precarious position by telling them that they must have perfect classrooms and perfect test scores in order to be judged as an effective teacher.Having checklist and measurable goals for classroom management helps to protect the teacher. My sure boss continuously says that the numbers tell a story. If as a teacher, I can show measured improvement for a seek class, I am able to deflect criticisms. LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR CLASSROOM 5 Additionally, having documentation allows teachers to analyze themselves and see areas of opportunity. Fourth Article The sound article I read was The Good Student Game conduct Management for Diverse Classrooms. Th is article discussed The Good Student Game as a technique to help with classroom management (Babyak, Luze, & Kamps, 2000).Babyak, Luze, and Kamps state that children can find satisfaction through their proposed method and that they will self- manage. They ingest that this method will not eliminate all misbehavior issues, but it can be seen as a tool. Analysis and Application I found that this article oversimplified classroom management. The authors said this method was most effective in a grade school intendting. The authors contend that children will self-monitor. I believe this to be naive, I have taught children in a church building environment for years and even the best of young kids will make bad choices when it comes to behavior when left to their own devices.The philosophy hinges on providing evident reward for completion of the game. Growing up I was a effective kid, but if you put candy as the prize and I was allowed to monitor my own behavior, I believe I would have not always been honest about my assessment of my behavior. As teachers we need to set up our children for success and giving them treats every time they behave may set an incorrect assumption of how the world really works. Teachers ethically are choke to help train children to be productive citizens. In conclusion, these four articles all looked at different approaches on how to manage ac lass. I concord with three of the four and was able to garner some wisdom for my future class.Teachers need to be diligent to stay trained on current trends and acceptable practices. Many teachers that I had in school would not be able to use the same methods today, as they used thirty LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR CLASSROOM 6 years ago. Regardless of when the teacher is teaching, effective teachers learned to engage their students and help them see the benefit of proper behavior ethically and legally. LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR CLASSROOM 7 References Babyak, A. E. , Luze, G. J . , & Kamps, D. M. (2000).The good student game Behavior management for diverse classrooms. Intervention in School & Clinic, 35(4), 216-223. Emmer, E. T. , & Stough, L. M. (2001). Classroom Management A Critical Part of Educational Psychology, With Implications for Teacher Education. Educational Psychologist, 36(2), 103-112. Kommer, D. (2006). Considerations for Gender-Friendly Classrooms. Middle School Journal, 38(2), 43-49. MacSuga, A. S. , & Simonsen, B. (2012). Increasing Teachers Use of Evidence-based Classroom Management Strategies Through Consultation Overview and Case Studies.

Accountant Necessities Essay

They help piece of tail help you with financing and anything else such as impose etc. Accountants make sure that they give you the help you requirement forrader they let you render out of their eyesight. I myself in any case wanted to conk at a bank. I always had plans on going to college and get my degree to become the Accountant I wanted to become. There be many different people in life who do things that can benefit early(a)s by helping them in so many ways.Your habit is your fun and pride. Everyone get their own way of doing what is right and there atomic number 18 so who dont care what they do. You have to strive for the beat out in order to be the best and you have to do finished in whatever you do. Accountants do a great job when it comes to financing, revenue enhancement reparations, records, and investors. They are on point when it comes to their work. They have a lot of paperwork to do but as long as you do what is asked of you to do accordingly you are go ing to get your job done.It is amazing when you can rule a bank that will all toldow you to get loans for important things that you need to get for yourself and help you out with things such as your utility bills and other things that need to be gotten. Everyone needs a little help in life. There are times when people struggle and they wonder how they are going to make it. There is something in me that make me feel so sorry for people like that. My thing about that is I decide to help them in every which way. I plan to become an comptroller in the future. There are many aspects of organism an accountant.Accountants become the measurement, disclosure, and also the provision when benefiting with business. I will be able to precede fiscal information, investors, and tax authorities in life. You have to give life your all even though there are things that may follow. Accountants have to be very skilled workers for the job. You have to know what you are doing and you have to have exp erience. No takings what you do you have to have the ability Accountants to battle array what you can do on that job. Accountancies are people who are in charge of a lot of things in life.Your dreams are all that matter and you have to do your best to reach them. Sometimes people slam to see others down, but you dont get nowhere being that way. Accountants are required to follow a set of rules and regulations at the workplace. Those rules and regulations are Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. A company is allowed analyze financial performance of the business. There are many words that follow account statement and they are listed as a combination of skills and pride. A business should be recognized as a symbol for help and need.

Happiness and Money

M hotshoty has become one of the main things In our new life. Some people live their lives to move in money. They work hard, trying to earn as very much money as they hindquarters. Some of them become na make use ofous about It and lose their dlgnlty hunting money. They dont appreciate such Important things as family, friendship, passionateness and other feelings. Such people become greedy, they spend their lives in loneliness. I dont deny that money influences our life a lot. As W. S. Maugham say Money is like the sixth feeling ithout which you cannot make a blast use of the other five. I quite agree. A person cant be happy if he has no money to satisfy his natural needs. barely I recall that money should seduce a limit. A person shouldnt fork up in like manner much money. It begins destroying him and becomes his curse. It is said in the Bible that The love of money is the root of whole evil. Yes, big sums of money really father dfferent problems because people fe el very envious and Jealous of others fortune. The majority of all the crimes are made because of money. Im among the people who consider that money Is not ll-powerful.Humanity, dignity, intelligence, humanity and other good qualltles of a person cant be bought for money. Well never be able to cloud pure love, real friendship and loving and pity family. But life Isnt worth life history without these things. Its not worth living if money has become the point of it either. 9HAeKC. AnpeKT Can Money Buy mirth Can money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. Some people think that money is the source of happiness. With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes.So, In their minds, money can bring omfort, security, and so on. Money, as they think. Is the source of happiness. But there are still a lot of others who think that money Is the root of all evil. Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law. A lot of people beca me criminals just because they were in try of money. And in the Western countries, there is nothing that can t be bought by money. Many people lose their own lives when hunting it. I think that money is essential to life and we cannot do without money. But raze though money is necessary to life, it can t buy happiness.Happiness s not something that can be measured by money. It is a drop in of mind. One can have plenty of money, with which he can buy whatever he wants, and at the same time he is not happy because he is never satisfied or he is riotous by various kinds of problems. Therefore, although money is necessary for a happy life, it can t buy happiness. People usually dont think too much about the meaning of money. The only Idea and concern Is to make more than they usually have. Of course having money Is a good thing because they give us the possibility to satisfy our needs and desires.People they dont usually think too much, the waste it purchase expensive cars, eatin g out or buying expensive things Just for being in fashion. Yet, money has a trusted feature to come easier to those who treat it well. Money tends to go to those who can use it in the most productive way to produce useful service and valuable goods and who has the ability to invest the in a profitable economical field. At the same time money uses to flow away from those who dont have the habilitate to use them in a profitable way. I think everyone should learn to save money and to invest it in rder to gain more.If we roll in the hay the value of money we can easily manage it. It becomes a habit that leads to a successful life and career. The more effective period for education the value of money is childhood because children usually dont value money because they dont subsist how much effort their parents put in their work in graze to earn a certain some of money. Thus, parents are responsible for screening the real value of money when their kids are still small, than it wil l be much easier for them to value money without being even told about this.

Analysis of Barbie Doll Essay

The Devastation of companionable Pressure One would conceptualize that growing up would be a fun, not a worry in the world, happy experience. Yes, that is the way it should be, only if thats not always the case, especi eithery for women. As girlfriends season into women they top they not only check to face the fact that theyre in a patriarchal smart set, besides also the influences and pressure they face in the social aspect of things, such as their looks and body image. There is so much competition amongst girls, especially when transitioning into a charwoman and through close of their adulthood.So instead of being able to enjoy c areer and absorbing the true quality of it, we are side tracked with superficial, stereotypical, shallow thoughts and images of how we think life is supposed to be. Although, whos to phrase whats right and whats wrong with the way we interpret things? Marge Piercy, who wrote the poem Barbie Doll, has a very strong view of how destructive socia l pressure ignore be to a girl through her transitioning stages into a woman. She expresses how the Barbie shuttlecock, the toy figurine that woman idealize, is, in fact, a method of corruption to a boyish girl.First and for most we must understand who the persona is in the poem, which is a woman, and more specifically Marge Piercy herself. She is observing a young girl going from Wolfe 2 childhood, adolescents, adulthood and then death in a roundabout way. Starting with the first stanza, of four, the persona explains of a young girl, and her compete with a doll, the Mattels Barbie doll to be precise. This doll is to be depict as tall, blonde hair, blue eyes and it has the perfect body.The girl, presented dolls that pee-pee/and miniature GE stoves and irons/ and wee lipsticks the color of cherry raisedy (2-4). The quarrel iron, stove, and lipstick are all play-things for the girl, but are also individuation markers. Such that the doll represents the ideal body image, the iro n and stove tells us what type of work is expected of the girl when she becomes an adult (keep in fountainhead that this poem was written in the nineteen seventies and that woman in the work force was still a very small percentage, gum olibanum women were still very domesticated) and the lipstick is to imply a sexual innuendo.In the withstand line in the first stanza the girl goes through puberty and no time is wasted before a classmate settle and criticizes her, You have a great big search and fat legs (6). expiration through puberty is a stage of growth. Adolescents become more informed of their social standing and sexual being. As we read further, the doll, she once compete with, will create a major impact on her in the aspect of her body image and the pressure she faces from her peers.In the second stanza we entrance how the woman is dissatisfied with herself even though she is healthy and tested agile/possessed strong arms and back/ abundant sexual tug and manual dex terity (7-9). The persona continues to say, She went to and fro apologizing/Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs (10-11). The traits that this woman possesses, is in every way enlighten however, she is so sure her physical traits are unacceptable to the culture.No point what she sees in the mirror or what she hears, this wont change her spirit about herself image. She has been brainwashed about her looks and she doesnt think she is good enough. She goes most apologizing to everyone about the person she has become, believing there is no way she can change, at least in a healthy manner. In the leash stanza we read how society is forcing the woman to change her healthy ways, physically, into something she isnt. She does what she can to prospect into society by, playing coy/ exhorted to come on hearty/ exercise, diet, smile and prate (12-14).She had so much pressure from every direction, she felt obligated to give and conform her body into what society viewed as ideal, which we know of as the Barbie doll toy. This idea was short lived. Instead of standing her grounds and accepting the item-by-item that she is, she drowns. Society got the best of her, Her good nature wore out/ like a fan belt (15-16). She gave up and paid the ultimate price to be accepted in society, she cut off her nose and her legs/ and offered them up (17-18). immediately that she has removed her flaws she temporarily relinquishes her depression, weakness, and anxiety. Now that she has met the, impossible, unrealistic, standard, she can permanently wash her existences outside and leave her shell of beauty behind. In the final Stanza, Piercy highlights the theme of the poem. scarcely put, women arent accepted into society unless they represent the ideal woman. Now that the woman is free of body flaws and has had a makeover, she can be accepted into her culture even though we know this isnt her true self.What must this say about the society she has been exposed to? In order to survive i n this specific culture, if were not perfect, is to become someone were not. So not only do we have to try to live up to a standard that is not comprehendible but we also have to be fake. In the middle of the last stanza Piercy explains, with the undertakers cosmetics varicolored on/a turned-up putty nose/dressed in a pink and white nightie (20-22). The woman now has the superficial , but perfect, looks. She is manipulated (physically) so she can finally be recognized.Letting a society make this woman frail and surrender to being her own someone shows a lack of values and morals within herself. Having our own opinions, life experiences and ethics make us who we are and if we were all the same or are held up to the same expectations what would life be like? Would we all act like robots? Clones? As the woman has been re-configured, shallow talks are amongst her, Doesnt she look pretty? everyone said/Consummation at last/To every woman a happy ending (23-25). Mission complete, she ac hieved her design she is pretty, unflawed, and looks like the ideal woman.

Chloroplast Tour Guide

Tour authorize script Hello, my name is Seth and this is Mason. We exit be your stop guides on this wonderful trip of the chloroplast Once we shed light on the kiosk membrane we leave alone see a couple little green nuggets, these ar k flat as chloroplasts. Its what makes these plants autotrophs or organisms that create their own efficiency. They have no specific location and be usu anyy spread throughout the cells cytoplasm. Alright we are going to pass into this chloroplast here. Once we pass through the outer membrane there is going to be a space between the outer and inner membrane.After we pass through this we will be into the chloroplast. Once inside the chloroplast we will stop by Grana Towers a great hotel complex, which will serve us with free desserts sweetened by the plants sugar itself, isnt glucose great? (After Meal at the Grana Towers) Let us proceed with the tour. at once if you look left youll see a broad stack of what looks desire discs. This is a granum or a stack of thylakoids. Now look around and notice the natural lighting. All of this light comes from the solarise and helps convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.Plants are made green from a pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight. This granum absorbs the sunlight inside the chloroplast. And starts what is called the light reaction. Which from the name you could probably speciate uses light to fuel the reaction. Thats photosynthesis As you can see here as we enter the granum. There is a light reaction promptly occurring. If you look closely to can see these little pigments, as I mentioned before, called chlorophyll. The energy from the sunlight allows water that is as well absorbed to split creating oxygen, which is thusly released into to the atmosphere.This energy is also carried through a system of electrons creating an energy step up called NAPDH. But thats not all ATP which is the main energy storing escalate in any plant cell is also pr oduced during this better of photosynthesis. That was great now wasnt it? Most of the tourist dont get to witness a light reaction You all are very lucky Now I hope you all are some night owls because were going to need to stay up late to witness the Calvin Cycle the affair of photosynthesis that occurs once night comes.Now, for the metre being let us return to Grana Towers and we will continue with our tour in a couple of hours. Oh, I almost forgot, Grana Towers will also be providing you with complementary salads for dinner Yum (Calvin Cycle) Ok now I have its late but you are about to witness the Calvin Cycle The part of photosynthesis that occurs during the night. The place where this cycle occurs is in the stroma which is all the spaces in between all of the granum. Since there is no light to use for energy the Calvin Cycle relies on ATP and NAPDH to fuel its process.The Calvin Cycle process results in sugars. You know like the ones we had for dessert this morning Anyway, i t creates these sugars by using carbon dioxide which it converts into a 3-carbon jot then goes through a system of other reactions to form PGAL this compound allows the plant to make the sugars. I hate to say this But now its time for us to say our goodbyes I really enraptureed your keep company and I wish you will comeback to once again enjoy this wonderful organelle Well, Goodbye

Biological and Cognitive Development Essay

developingal psychology studies the adjustments and how such changes take place over a course of an case-by-cases flavor events. It masterks to belowstand the changes that ar universal, the changes that occur regardless of the individual(a)s culture or experiences. Moreover, it also seeks to understand why and how individual differences occur why some(prenominal) people respond one way in a particular situation while new(prenominal)s respond quite differently. Further, educational psychology is in particular concerned with the process by which behavior changes during an individuals life while.By studying biological and cognitive training, psychologists and humansity foretaste to better understand, predict, and modify an individuals behavior. BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT biologic assumeing refers to the changes in the dust and brain from the mo of conception to older age. This teaching greatly influences peoples behavior. Three of these biological-related events ar prenatal, from puerility to adolescent, and adult to aging. In prenatal development, the individual grows from a single fertilized en cell, known as the zygote to an infant with billions of specialized cells.This period is dissever into 3 stages namely, the germinal, embryonic, and fetal changes. In the germinal stage, the zygote has become a sm whole mass of cells in the germinal stage, the fetus brain and nerve centre begin to develop, arms and legs appear, limbs and critical inside organs are quick developing and in the fetal stage, the fetus respiratory system has developed. So at the barricade of prenatal period, an individual expect grown from a single cell into an amazingly complex individual who, on sightly, is intimately 20 inches long and weighs astir(predicate) 7.5 pounds. The brain during the prenatal development begins to develop between the second and third week after fertilization, and by 3. 5 weeks a primitive nervous system is largess. By the time of fo rk over, virtually all of the approximately 100 billion neurons in the human brain are already present (Cowan, 1979). In the infant development, an individual is the likes of a virtual growing machine. By the age of 2, the average child is nigh 70 % taller than at birth and nearly four hundred % heavier (Eichorn, 1989).As a rule of thumb, girls grow tall to about half their adult height by 18 months of age while the boys by the age of 2. Between the ages of 2 and 5 age, physical growth slows penet range and then levels off at a relatively steady rate until adolescence. The beginning of adolescence is also the onset of sexual suppuration or puberty. The vernacular sequence of changes that occur during sexual maturation for girls are the following breasts and pubic hair begin to develop and the onset of menstruation. For the boys, the first signs of puberty are the growth of penis and testes and the appearance of pubic hair.These early signs of sexual maturation take place durin g a rapid increase in height, go across size and strength especially for the boys with growth peak at about the age of 14 years old. The girls on the other hand engender their growth peak at 12 years old. However, boys grow taller than girls on average. But the growth of different parts o f the body is not uniform during the growing years. Physical growth ceases, on average, at about 18 years of age in girls and 20 years of age in boys. However, biological development does not retrovert until the end of life.The brain also grows rapidly during this period. At birth, the brain is about 25 % of its adult weight and size. By the age of 2, it has grown to about 75 % of its adult weight. Although all of a persons neurons are present at birth, the number and complexity of the connections among neurons increase substantially after birth (Parmelee and Sigman, 1983), and this increase is part responsible for the growth in brain size. Further, the change magnitude neural connections and the development of myelin make possible to a greater extent and more complex behavior and thought as an individual grows.In some areas of the brain, these developmental changes continue until adulthood (Parmelee and Sigman, 1983). The adult and aging life events are basically a declining stage. A variety of biological developments takes place as people age, including redistribution of body fat, decrease in bone mass, and decrease in muscle size and recreate of contraction. biological changes progress into old age. some elderly people actually become shorter, partly because they slump and partly because of a decrease in bone mass. Muscle size and speed of contraction also decrease.Aging also takes its toll on internal body organs. The heart muscles become weaker, blood flow decreases, and breathing skill continues to bloodline. Physical performance also declines. According to Stones and Kozma (1985), these bodily changes are paralleled by declines in physical performance with ag e. Beginning at about age 30, a persons physical speed, strength, and endurance decline at an average rate at about 1. 5 % a year. The brain also continues to change biologically with age (Creasey & Rapoport, 1985).It decreases in size and weight, and some areas of the brain lose 50 percent or more of their neurons, specifically at the age of 50, with an average decrease of 2 % of brain strength every 10 years thereafter (Miller, Altson, and Corsellis, 1980). These age-related changes in the brain undoubtedly contribute to deteriorations of sensory, motor, and cognitive function. But just like biological changes in the body, these age-related changes in the brain are averages the actual heart of change varies considerably from person to person. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTCognitive development refers to the changes in knowledge about the manhood or specifically, it refers to the development of one and perception, of the ability to learn, to reason, and to solve problems. Just like biological development, cognitive development continues from birth through old age. The three cognitive-related events that I would like to cover are newborn infants, childhood and aging. In infants, cognitive development begins from the moment of birth as they begin interacting with and gathering information about the world.They commence all the rudimentary sensory abilities such as they hobo see objects, go off tell the different shapes and patterns but cant change their focus very well. Their vision rapidly improves over the first sextette months to a year, although it may be several years until it is fully mature. Moreover, infants can also hear at birth but their threshold of audience is higher and cant discriminate well between sounds than adults. As with vision, an infants hearing improves rapidly over the first year, although it go away be several years before it is fully mature.Further, infants have a well-developed sense of taste (Cawart, 1981) as they can discrimi nate among different tastes they can also smell and react to different odors and their sense of touch is particularly well-developed. Infants motor behavior consists primarily of reflexes such as rooting, sucking, and grasping. These reflexes gradually give way to coordinated voluntary actions, such as sitting and walking. On the other hand, infants can learn from the moment of birth. They show habituation, a simple form of learning where they stop responding to a repeated stimulus.They also learn through operant conditioning, which is reservation a particular response that brings about either reward or punishments. Although newborn infants can learn, they do not learn as quickly as older children as their store is not as impregnable as that of adults. Childrens cognitive development theory is most influenced by Jean Piaget. He believed that people acquire knowledge by interacting with the world and that they construct knowledge through assimilation, which is incorporating new i nformation and accommodation or modifying old information.He further proposed a series of four stages of cognitive development, where he described childrens basic intellectual abilities sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operational and formal operational. According to Piaget, these stages represent qualitatively different ways of persuasion that occur relatively and abruptly and in the same sequence for all children. Though some psychologists challenged and modified Piagets theory, arguing that cognitive development is not really stagelike, its basic tenets remain widely accepted.During Aging, changes in cognitive abilities seem to decline. This decline may be due to factors such as slow processing of information. Moreover, aging also show declines in memory performance, partly because they use fewer encoding strategies for remembering information and partly because they use fewer cues to retrieve information from memory. But long bourne storage itself appears to be relativ ely unaffected by aging and, under favorable conditions, the elderly are nearly as good as young adults at remembering information.Further, laboratory studies indicate that performance on a variety of problem-solving tasks declines with age. But these studies also show that training and manage can markedly improve older adults problem-solving performance. What is more, when tasks are familiar and the subjects have experience with them, they show little or no decline in performance with age. Older people have accumulated a life story of experience, knowledge, and wisdom that they bring to everyday tasks, and this can offset cognitive deficits that may occur (Canestrari, 1986).The picture of inevitable severe intellectual impairment that many people have of the elderly is therefore, a misconception. So, when we consider each of these life events though discussed separately, we will see that each of these two major thread in the development (biological and cognitive) of the individu al are interwoven. Hence, we cannot separate one from the other and thus must be considered when studying about an individuals development or life-span changes. References Canestrari, R. E. , younger (1986). Age changes in acquisition. In G. A. Talland (Ed.) merciful Aging and Behavior (pp. 169-188). radical York Academic Press. Cowan, W. M. (1997). The development of the brain. Scientific American, 241, 113-133. Cowart, B. J. (1981). Development of taste perception in humans Sensitivity and preference throughout the life span. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 43-73. Creasy, H. & Rappport, S. I. (1985). The aging human brain. Annals of Neurology, 17,2-10. Eichorn, D. H. (1997). Biological Development Current foci of research. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed. ), Handbook of infant development (pp. 253-282). New York John Wiley & Sons.Miller, A. K. H. , Altson, R. L. , & Corsellis, J. H. N. (1980). Variation with age in the volume of grey and white matter in the cerebral hemispheres of man . Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 6, 119-132. Parmelee, A. H. , Jr. , & Sigman , M. D. (1983). Prenatal brain development and behavior. Handbook of child psychology, Vol II (95-1550. New York John Wiley & Sons. Piaget, J. (1983). Piagets theory. In W. Kessen (Ed. ), Handbook of child psychology (4th ed. ). History , theory, and methods 9pp. 103-128). New York John Wiley & Sons

Social Issue

Juvenile paying(a) date and ways to admit it It has recently arouse to the publics attention that the issue of new-made Enjo kosai, in English means juvenile even out dating, has been worsening in Hong Kong. According to the survey extends conducted by The Family Planning connecter of Hong Kong (FPAHK) in 2011 and the Hong Kong Association of Sexuality Educators, Researchers and Therapists (HKASERT) in 2009, 23% of school day girls accepted equilibrate dating behavior with almost 24% among them accepted compensated dating with familiar transection and nearly 5% of school girls had engaged in this immoral action.School girls involving compensated dating may easily fall victim to both visible harm as well as mental illness. In set out to alleviate this worrisome situation, people top executive propose prohibiting this immoral activity by legislation. However, it is not an entirely effective way to put an arrest on this issue. Rather, we have to storm with its root auth ors, girls involved in compensated dating since they have deficient cozy knowledge, they are being visibleist and they are miss of take and love.These problems can be tackled by arranging a compulsory sex education class, create a Values of disembodied spirit topic in Liberal Studies and increase the number of school tender workers. First, school girls involved in compensated dating because they have inadequate sexual knowledge. FPAHKs Youth Sexuality Study (2011) revealed 67% and 19% girl respondents believe that external ejaculation is an effective contraception rule and the number of sexual partners is not related to the chance of infecting sexually genetic diseases respectively.School girls were inadequacy of knowledge about the seriousness and the adverse effects of contrary sexual relationships. Both physical harm and emotional problem leave alone inevitably result. They energy get pregnant accidentally and they might tolerate in venereal diseases, worry AIDS a nd HIV, which are incurable. Besides, they might flake out faith in relationship and having impaired olfactory modality of self-esteem. Consequently, they might yearn in mental illness like depression, or even self-destructive thought. Their ignorance of sex knowledge led them to underestimate the vigilance of improper sexual relationship, as a result, they involved in compensated dating.another(prenominal) root cause of compensated dating is school girls are being materialist. They desire for materials and silver in order to show off to others or make others signify highly of them. In their mind, the importance of money and materials transcend morality, dignity and chastity. The HKASERTs survey of compensated dating (2009) indicated that 87% girl respondents involved in compensated dating to earn money to enable high using up (for example, to purchase well-known brand handbags). School girls pursue for materialistic satisfaction, their voracity for money and luxury gifts led them think these are much peculiar than their body and dignity.Thus, school girls involved in compensated dating for livelihood their conspicuous consumption. Apart from school girls ignorance and desire, lack of care and love likewise make a lead to their participation in compensated dating. They were lack of parental love due to various reasons like their parents had long functional hours or even need to work abroad. The HKASERTs survey report indicated that 43% girl respondents engaged in this immoral activity to mien for the feeling of being loved while a huge partial derivative among them were grown in single-parent or broken families.They might engage in compensated dating because of their pathetic background. So instead of blaming them for engaging in this immoral behavior unwisely, tackling this worrisome issue by arranging a compulsory sex education class, create a Values of emotional state topic in Liberal Studies and increase the number of school complaisant work ers are much more rational actions before the situation deteriorate. To combat compensated dating, most schools arrange some related talks. These talks might help to alert students about the seriousness of this improper activity shortly.In long-term, introducing a compulsory Sex commandment Subject in primary schools and alternative schools could help to fix sex education among juveniles in Hong Kong. Sex Education has much more pressing needs than the national education. It could awaken school girls the seriousness and the adverse effect and improper sex relationship and intone their vigilance. However, sex education might result in the issue of compensated dating being more rampant as school girls feeler to relevant nowledge about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and contraception methods. Another way to prevent compensated dating is to develop a by rights value among girls. They engaged in compensated dating out of avarice. fabricate a new topic about Values of Life in Liberal Studies could help them to build up a right value of life, dignity and chastity should take precedence over money and materials, con them to cherish their precious bodies. Spiritual wealth is much master(prenominal) than material wealth. They need not compare with others or follow the trend.However, it is hard to hold up following trends with friend under peer pressure or they might isolate by their friends. Besides, arrange more group activities or hiking trips so that they could feel the spiritual happiness from friends and the nature. Nevertheless, there might not be enough time for such time consuming activities. Often, girls engaged in compensated dating were grown in single-parent or broken families, they were lack of parental love and care therefore, deploying additional social worker at school to care the need of those girls would be an effective approach.Social workers could express affright by chatting and communicating with them regularly in order to march on girls feeling of being cared and love. Social worker could provide professional counseling digest when they seek for assistance. It is worth though it would directly increase schools financial expenses. The to a higher place solution could help alleviating the worrisome situation of compensated dating. The most important way to tackle this issue is not by tough measures like forcing them to stop this immoral activity, this is just a palliatives way.Instead, by soft approach, strengthen their sex knowledge, building real values of life and showing care and love to them could help to alleviate the issue of compensated dating when they were intended of the seriousness of this immoral behavior. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 1 . Compensated dating Men (male) givemoneyand/or luxury gifts to women (female) for their companionship and, possibly, for sexual favors. (Wikipedia) 2 . marked consumptionthe spending ofmoneyfor and the ac quiring ofluxury goodsand services to in public display economic power. (Wikipedia)

Advanced When Live in Big Cities

ADVANCED WHEN LIVE IN BIG CITIES self-aggrandizing cities ar oftentimes more(prenominal) exciting and they also have a quicker pace. animation in large cities means that you have to become more bustling so that you can adapt to a variety of situations. Another feeling of the exciting of city life is the variety of cultural activities available. enlarged cities are cultural centers where there are social activies, sports events, concerts, trade shows, fashion shows, electroconvulsive therapyIn gravid cities, there are a lot of places for you to warm up at weekends and go on vacatons such as theatres, cinemas, parks and zoos, and centers of recreation. Big cities are aslo economical centers with a lot of big companies, both case and international. It means that you have many chances to get a good job. These are rare in small towns or the countryside. In addition, there are many facilities for our life and health care. For example, you can find plenty of shops and supermark ets most places where you are liveliness.Therefore, you can buy everyday neccessities quickly. Furthermore, people concern more about their health and safety than other things in their lifes. In big cities, medical facilities and emergency services are easily accessibe than in the countryside. Big cities also have convinient transportation and utility systems. They also offer blistering internet connections. These all make our life easier. To summazire, I think that living in big cities is much better than living in the countryside because of in advance(p) facilities and social activities.

Literary Analysis Term Paper for Tom Sawyer: A Classic Novel Essay

cacography duets take is a novel that follows the fresh intent of a low boy. You will see how much gaming the of import character, turkey cock, and his friends maintain by skipping school day, fishing, swimming, and using with their imaginations to have a good time. The Adventures of tom Sawyer is a determinate novel for many reasons. The plot gives us an topic most how people lived in the era the book takes none in. Readers enjoy the book because they grass affiliate to tom turkey and enjoy his fun experiences. Tom is always into having a good time with his friends.It is a classic because it is enjoyable to readers of exclusively ages, no matter what century, place, or gender you locomote to. Toms experiences very draw the reader into the book, making it a fun read. duet did a really good job at expressing the way Tom felt ab disclose things. In chapter four Twain makes going to church seem endless by making the chapter endless. He vertical talks on and on ab out the Superintendent and about what happens in church. The book shows really well how people felt in that time. Tom and his friends were in truth superstitious.Twain stated, He crossed a small branch two or three times, because of a prevailing juvenile superstition that to cross water baffled pursuit, (62). Throughout the book at that place is a lot of prejudice towards African Americans and slavery. This gives us more of an idea about what life was like for Tom and other people that lived during that era. nigh readers enjoy the book because they can relate to Tom and his friends and how the characters feel. Tom is very mischievous and sneaky. And readers enjoy that. Some kids dont like school and like Tom would try really hard to get out of having to go to class.In chapter six Tom wakes up and said he has a sore toe. When that doesnt work he complains and says that he cant go to school because of a loose tooth. All of this on the dot to get out of going to school. Have you eve r pretended that you were a pirate and had a treasure hunt or imagined you were a cowman? Well Tom did and many other readers have too. Connecting the reader to the books chief(prenominal) character really draws them in even more. In chapter thirteen Tom and his friends, Huck and Joe, decide to run away to Jacksons Island and scram pirates.On this adventure the reader might feel like he is in that respect with the characters, making the book even more interesting to the reader. Tom is considered a hero in the book. And we all know being a hero is a big deal. This might make the reader postulate to be just like him, putting himself in Toms place. This makes the book even more popular, because the readers might enjoy the good-guy bad-guy scenario. Mark Twains book takes strike turns and keeps the reader on the edge of their seat, pushing the reader to keep going, and making it exciting to read.Some books are jammed full of mystery. Tom Sawyer is not one of them but does have an exciting plot. During chapter 9 the boys witness the murder of Dr. Robinson. During that chapter you are excited to welcome out what happens next. And Twain made it somewhat suspenseful making the book even more popular for a reader that likes mystery. Twain wrote, not twenty yards away, a human hand, holding a candle, appeared from behind a rock (229). If Tom and Becky stuck in a cave wasnt abundant then finding another person right in there with you ought to beThis is just one more example where Twain adds a little mystery to the life of Tom Sawyer. Mark Twain was really good at adding romance, mystery, adventure, etc. into the book making it appealing to just about everyone. As I have shown you, Mark Twains book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, is a classic novel. It is special to all readers because we can relate to Tom in different ways. The plot reflects real situations of that time. And the book has surprising twists pulling the reader into the book. Classical books are, a mong other things, enjoyable for people of all ages and timeless.

Explain the Post 16 Options for Young and Adults

Explain the post 16 options for young large number and adults Once a young person finishes course of instruction 11 they have different options available to them they back tooth choose to go on to further fostering this can be either at bottom the check in the sixth form or they could go to college. The dexteritys that can be gained through further education atomic number 18AS and A levels- atomic number 18 full time courses studying mainly academic subjects scarce also near work related subjects and ar generally taken over 2 years. Diplomas- ar when the student is still ground in their school or college simply they have the chance to learn in other settings such as the work place or a college giving them a taste of what to expect in that particular occupation.Key skills- these are designed to prepare students for the running(a) environment and are normally slide by alongside or are included in other courses although are available on their own. Other options are App renticeships-a more work force on role, learning through work in an apprenticeship where they gain qualifications while working within the job position, with this option they can gain valuable hands on experience, training as well as gaining a qualification while earning a wage at the same time.BTECs- are usually studied at school or college they are work based qualifications that are a mix between practical and theory and some work experience.NVQs- these can be taken either at school/college, through a placement or in the work place. They are based on the students skills,knowledge and their competence of doing the job.Explain the post 16 options for young people and adultsIts easy to figure out. A lot these kids were pampered, chauffeured, over protected, over parented and just plain spoiled. They also have a tremendous grit of entitlement. Hell, getting a car at age 16 has give way a rite of passage I have friends who regularly allowed their kids boy and girl friends to sleep over, now thats crazy. There are millions of untenanted jobs in the USA but people (young and old) are fearful of clout up and moving to where the work is. My parents gave us this advice Get an education, Get a skill, and Get Out They did all that working class folks could do to help us. Then we were on our own. Simple. To their extreme credit, they paid extra taxes so we could have excellent schools, Many school activities, and anything else we needed to get a good start. ( remember Drivers Ed, at school?) The draft helped too. The war was terrible, but most of us, who served, are better for it. Our generation abandoned this commitment to education and service and became the most selfish generation. Selfishness is not a very(prenominal) good trait to pass on. So now the folks who are still strapped with their older kids are paying, and paying. God bless you, and kick your kids out.

Managing People & Performance Essay

This assignment seeks to holistic all(prenominal)(prenominal)(a)y analyse the lively hatful outputs which impact the effective act of a Maltese sea passenger and vehicle service segmenticipation, videlicet Gozo Channel Company Limited. The main ara of concern has been in graduate(prenominal) spiritslighted to be emanating with escape of strategic rise within Gozo Channels HRM, more so at that place is no bond amid the play alongs business system and HR strategy. Throughout, this document will seek radically recommendations done diverse business methodologies on how to everyplacecome the barriers and recognises which be touch on tidy sums proceeding.The first part of this document explains what argon the reasons which eventually affect the action of Gozo Channels employees and reexamination of both the external and internal context are explored, thus identifying what the slender issues are.Part cardinal of this document sets out the action f ormulate of what is ask to overhaul much(prenominal)(prenominal) barriers and using different types acquired and researched from the Managing commonwealth and surgical operation faculty, a detailed computer program is set up to tackle individually(prenominal) and every area effecting the consummation of employees.The elective path behavior throughout this assignment is tensenessed on juicy Performing Teams and one major doer being proposed with justification is motivation.The decisive reflection concentrates on achieving a sense of development non a sense of revolution within Gozo Channel, in considerations of a laborious recruitment strategy, training and evolvement.1.INTRODUCTIONGozo Channel Company Limited is a establishment entity which for over thirty years has been providing sea ferry-transport for both vehicles and passengers surrounded by the island of Gozo and the main island of Malta. Although it turn tails the life-link between the two islands in a monopolistic environment, meaning without submit competition, in 2004 the government had to issue a call for a frequent Service Obligation , according to the European Union transportation law, which fundamentally is an arrangement in which a governing body or early(a) authority offers an auction for subsidies, permit the winning fel embarrassedship a monopoly to operate a qualify service of public transport for a specified period of term for the given subsidy (Wikipedia, 2009)1.1.THE IMPACT OF THE PUBLIC wait on OBLIGATION ON GOZO CHANNELS HR OBJECTIVES Initially in 2004, the transport authority awarded a 6 year PSO contract to GC on the basis of its pro imaginativenesss, imagings and standards (fleet, piece re credits, experience and infrastructure). At that term the company was awarded an annual subsidy of approximately 4 million.This subsidy as healthy as the tax revenue generated along with the various cost cutting exercises, resulted in recurrent annual profits, wh ich in effect meant that the company seemed to be on the right track. In 2010 though, the PSO contract attracted a host of companies and consortiums, all of whom were all eyeing the Malta Gozo sea-ferry transport service.This situation was seen as a major threat and created an ambience of uncertainty among company employees, causing all sorts of speculation. It was the first time that the company had to compete for its bread and justter and speculative pressures forced GC in submitting an annual offer of approximately 800k to cover continuity. This drastic decr quilt in subsidy requires a holistic re setting in GCs business strategy but more importantly the HR strategy has to be befittingly aline to meet its objectives.1.2.MY ROLE WITHIN THE smart setAs Human Resources and ICT Man eonr, analysing both the external and internal context of GC is rattling to look into the correct review of its current treates, policies and kind-hearted choice capital. My social occasion i s to secure that the HR strategy is parallel with the companys business strategy and more importantly chink that all employees are nurtured, motivated and trained to support such strategy, thus ensuring that GC keep forward in one strategic direction.2. detailed ISSUE2.1.INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL cistronS OF THE CRITICAL ISSUEBeing a government entity the company has to deal with aggregate socio- governmental pressures, especially in light that GC offers a life-link for the island of Gozo. In a nutshell the island of Gozo depends on GC and to a certain extent one hindquarters argue that without a permanent link, GC is practically the road which ensures intra-connectivity between the two islands. Having said that and in light of the new financial realities which the company is facing as mentioned in paragraph 1.1, I pretend to guess both the external and internal context to fall in understand the forces sustaining the lively issue.2.1.1.EXTERNAL POLITICAL FACTORSGCs board of d irectors are all political appointees and their strategy and vision is determined by the government in administration. demeanor in mind that each administration normally enjoys a term of 5 years, the business strategy varies every time which in nerve deters continuity.2.1.2.INTERNAL POLITICAL FACTORSMoreover the majority of GCs employees have been politically hand-picked, meaning they were not employed on the basis of skill and/or merit but on plainly nepotism. These two accompanimentors form an organic part of the companys critical issue and though they are establish on different take aims of the companys structural hierarchy, the source is the identical i.e. Political.2.1.3.EXTERNAL ECONOMIC FACTORSGC before long has 214 employees, of which approximately 80% fill on the island of Gozo and since its inception GC has been al ways regarded as a wind employer, providing the ever needed employment boost to Gozitans . According to the latest statistical data ga at that place d from the National Statistics Office (May 2013) Gozo has a rate of 10.6% of the overall registered unemployed and with limited employment opportunities in Gozo, many Gozitans seek employment alternatives in Malta. Being a government entity besides means that the contend unions have their fair share of influence on the external sparing context in cost of collective bargaining and regulation, such as Family Friendly Measures , COLA etc.2.1.4.INTERNAL CULTURAL FACTOROne of Maltas track apportion unions, namely Union Haddiema Maghqudin enjoys the 50+1% of the GCs employee membership thus is currently the main recognised trade union representing the employees in terce partitions namely, Seaborne policemans, General Staff and musical note Managers. GC together with UHM negotiates collective proportionatenesss which stipulate policies, procedural systems and regulate grades and grant structures.This crocked and rigid systematic begin intertwined with a unionised culture, wi th a strong job for life mentality spreading from top to bottom, restricts the variety show way concept of the company. This is only attested through the low employee overturn within GC, which is practically zero and only attributable to natural wastage .2.1.5.TECHNOLOGY FACTORTodays market offers an array of Human Resources counselling Systems which are systems and processes that intersect HRM and Information Technology. Although GC has invested in HRMS comprising of the following two packages stipendroll, time and attendance, there is lack of a proper Human Resources package that digests ease of access for cognitive operation appraisals, benefits administration, recruiting and learning instruction, procedure records, scheduling, absence steering and analytics.2.2.HUMAN RESOURCES lead WITHIN GOZO CHANNELCoupled with the main factors mentioned above, GCs HR has a specialist approach leaning towards a Personnel role quite than that of the more dynamic and strategic role of HRM . Guest (1987) identifies the differences between Personnel and HRM as shown in disconcert 1 beneath.PersonnelHRMTime and preparednessShort-term, antiphonalad hoc marginalLong-term, proactive, strategic, integratedPsychological contract ComplianceCommitmentControl SystemsExternalSelf-controlEmployee RelationsPluralist, collective, low trustUnitarist, one-on-one, high trustStructures and systemsBureaucratic/mechanistic, centralised, formalOrganic, devolved, flexibleRolesSpecialist/professionalLargely integrated into line focusEvaluation criteriaCost minimisationMaximum recitation ( gracious asset accounting) Table 1 The differences between personnel and humane alternative managementThe traits listed by Guest (1987) under Personnel, are parallel to GCs HR places and the drawbacks are however highlighted in Gratton and Truss (2003) multidimensional people strategy seat whereby GCs come in is wakeful both in the vertical and horizontal alignment. enroll 1 Gratton & antiophthalmic factor Truss (2003) The three-dimensional people strategyThe HR department has no influence on GCs strategy and the functions are merely day-to-day administrative matters relating to staff operate by rigidprocedures which have little discernible relationship with todays realities hence the alignment in the mere tactics speak position in the Gratton & angstromere Truss (2003) three-dimensional people strategy model as pictured inscribe 1.2.3.MANAGEMENT AND COMPANY STRUCTUREThis lack of strategic approach is further compounded by the fact that GC has no Chief Executive. furthermore there is lack of leadership throughout the management team and people management seems to be focussed on the HR department only, rather than integrated throughout the entire management structure.2.3.1.STRUCTUREThe company is currently set by 4 department heads namely, Operations, Commercial, Human Resources and Finance, and although the structure is flat and ideal, there is lack of co hesion between them and each department is case-by-casely driven towards its own goals.2.3.2.MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHYSumantra Goshal (2004) refers to the downfall of Enron and explains how Andrew Fatsows (former Chief Finance Officer of Enron) designed Enrons management system around a true faith that employees pursued only their own self- chase quoting Fatsows school of thought that You must allow people to eat what they huntonly hence will they hunt substantially Although the context of Enron is not related to GCs context, it does show that when you ignore the companys goals and pursue individualist targets the results lead to disastrous consequences.2.3.3. tribe MANAGEMENTLack of leadership and people management is down to the fact that Line Managers tend to shirk such responsibility, but more so the main factor is lack of ability, hence the staffing issue mentioned in paragraph 2.1.2.2.4.POLICIES & angstrom PROCEDURESGC has an SMS manual containing specific management procedu res ranging fromsafety and environmental policies to people management policies. This manual is inclined to seaborne staff and the systems and procedures are rhetoric and institutional rather than practical.This goes to show that there is lack of chat between GCs management and critical feedback, which is brought up during internal audits, management reviews, accident reports, etc., is not discussed and analysed correctly. Therefore the preparedness and go throughation process of the ISM bout is not maintained which eventually is why we are faced with such a situation whereby procedures are not in tune with the current requirements and realities.2.5.TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENTGC has no appraisal and evaluation system in place apart from stringent procedures for seaborne personnel, in line with the required standards of the naval legislation. Therefore there is no manpower flow and no training strategy, albeit the occasional stemma organised ad hoc or as required.2.6.COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSThe down process is non-existent and as highlighted management has no focal point in which all downward processes are channelled through. This is also coupled by the fact that lateral communication between management is also obscured by inter-personal conflicts. These conflicts are down to various reasons, such as lack of motivation, internal politics, greed, and selfishness, but the main factor is that management has no cohesion and everyone browses within his own palace rather than in teams a scenario where no one seems to share information.3.ACTION AND carrying out PLANHaving analysed the critical issue in the first part of this document, the tasks onward have been reformly defined. I have set out a externalize to change the mind-set of the current HRM system. This plan tackles 4 critical areas which are highlighted further on in section 3. The table under illustrates GCs action plan showing the timescales for the implementation of each critical area.Critical Iss ueTime FramePlanImplementationReview3.1 HRM StrategyBeginning of 1st QuarterEnd of 1st QuarterYearly3.2 HR pass away and People ManagementBeginning of second QuarterEnd of 2nd QuarterContinuous3.3 Enhancing the Performance of Human CapitalBeginning of 2nd QuarterEnd of 2nd QuarterContinuous3.4 Measuring & Validating The PerformanceBeginning of 2nd QuarterPeriodically as required Table 2 GCs litigate Plan3.1.HRM scheme oddballIt is noticeable that GCs HR strategy is not aligned with its stemma strategy not to mention that the latter is in bosom unclear due to the volatile state of the political implications as mentioned in section 2. Thus initially, the first action is to identify a clear vision to implement organisational goals. The Line of Sight model adapted from Higgs, in Rees & McBain (2004) ensures that GCs business strategy is aligned with its people management policies and practices. On the basis of the issues mentioned in section 2, GC requires three types o f HR strategies as defined by Higgs,M (2004) cost strategy, capability strategy and commitment strategy.Figure 2 The line of sight model3.1.1.COST dodgeAs a result of the new PSO, GC has to ensure that part of the business and HR strategy has to focus on high revenue generation with the least possible direct of man power cost.3.1.2.CAPABILITY dodgeParallel to this, GC has to also be strategically aligned to ensure that employees are nurtured, trained and motivated to cater for rising capability demands.3.1.3.COMMITMENT STRATEGYTogether with the cost and capability strategies the company must also ensure that employees are committed towards the companys strategy and goals.3.2.HR FUNCTION AND PEOPLE MANAGEMENTImplementing the above three strategies requires ever-changing the mind-set of the HR function from a specialist role to a strategic role. It is all-important(a) that all Heads of Department, Line Managers and Masters are fully responsible for people management and share this responsibility.This way a greater emphasis will be put on these roles to become the implementers of the HR policies and thus it is imperative to also improve communication between departments through shared responsibility and better knowledge of what is happening. Furthermore this gives an opportunity for all involved to be accountable for any actions taken, thus taking ownership of their problems, bring them closer to employees by protagonisting them better understand the pressures they are facing, gives them a sense of authority and helps them to improve as managers by understanding better the processes and their position within GC.In pronounce to implement this change in the managements civilize ethic, it is essential that all those involved in managing people sustain training in the EIRA legislation, leadership skills and more importantly making them aware of GCs policies, regulations and processes.3.3.ENHANCING THE exploit OF HUMAN CAPITALGratton & Ghosal (2003) defin e human capital as an umbrella term comprising the intellectual, worked up and social capital of individuals and organisations GCs bottom line employees lack motivation, drive and in some cases ability which in hindsight is attributable to the fact of a futile recruitment system mired further by political intrusion.Effectively GCs HRM should aim at ontogenesis its human capital and at the same time enhance their performance to a high level of output. The Bathpeople and performance model by Purcell et al (2003) is the perfect model to adapt in collection to achieve High Performance from employees.Utilising the best abilities and skills of each employee as swell as motivating them through various incentives such as pay incentives, promotions & training and also by giving employees an opportunity to embark through feedback will aptly help motivate staff. Moreover it is essential that employees are managed, encouraged, respected and trusted.On the basis of this model GCs HRM has t o take a pro-active approach from the entry level of each individual and form a process based on a risk-based approach to examine historical events and future plans. The guidelines for such action should be based on cycle as shown down the stairs in figure 4. This way each individual employee will be monitored in an effective way and trained according to his/her competence needs, consequently training is vital for humans, to develop ability, to perform procedures, to operate systems.Figure 3 The Bath people and performance modelFigure 4 GCs HRM Guide for Action for Human Capital3.3.1.EFFECTIVE RECRUITMENT AND SELECTIONIt is essential that GC has a proper recruitment and woof policy in place which works independently and politically free from external or internal interference. capital of Mississippi and Schuler (2000) define the terms recruitment and selection as recruitment involves inquisitive and obtaining qualified job washbasindidates in such numbers that the organisatio n erect select the most appropriate person to fill its need and choice is the process of obtaining and using information about job applicants in roam to determine who should be hired for long-or short-term positionThus the selection board has to be fully knowledgeable and must have a clear path of the tasks, abilities and qualifications required for the relevant job so as to ensure that the right person/s has been selected. The model shown in figure 5 adapted from Briscoe (1995) identifies all the stagesrequired to have an effective recruitment & selection policy in place.For starters, GCs HR has to asses the need for the job through effective planning tools. A model which aptly covers such area is The process of Human Resource supply by Armstrong (2006) shown in figure 6 below. This model identifies four mention stages business strategic plan, resourcing strategy, demand or supply forecasting and human resources plans, which in effect knits the action and implementation pla n of this document leading to the four critical issues of HR resourcing, retention, flexibility and productivity.Figure 5 Recruitment and selection process adapted from Briscoe (1995)Figure 6 The process of human resource planning3.3.2.TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENTMabey and Salaman (1995) effectively links both the communication channel and HR Strategy to Training and Development arguing that unless attention is give to all six dimensions shown in the figure, then the quality of training and growing will be impaired and their business impact will be flawed In essence this is another vital step to ensure that the HR strategy is aligned with the Business strategy thus development human capital to attain high performance. The performance evaluation process of employees is not intended to castigate people but should effectively help the development process.Therefore effective appraisals and psychometric tests coupled by uniform monitoring, would greatly assist the HR department in und erstanding individual training needs and requirements, as well as keeping in line with the companys strategic training and development plan. A clear example of the lack of strategic human resource planning within GC is experienced in the marine engineering section.3.3.2.1.MARINE ENGINEERSMalta currently lacks human resources in the marine engineering sector, which has been in decline over a number of years in the main through lack of interest from students to pursue such a charge. This was further tarnished by the fact that the maritime authority failed to endorse the Higher National Diploma in shipboard soldier Engineering racecourse and thus the few students who had applied for such course were forced to change career direction.Whereas currently GCs position has been as a mere spectator over such issue, this calls for a more pro-active approach by highlighting such awareness with the government activity concerned and by ensuring that the maritime authority and MCAST provide en dorsed courses, opportunities for sea time to students and more importantly courses are sustained. Moreover GC has to be forthwith involved in promoting the marine engineering career in schools and career expos, thus investing in the future of human capital fair an employer of choice.Figure 7 Mabey and Salaman strategic training and development model3.3.3.PERFORMANCE MANGEMENT AND strengthener SYSTEMSGC has to adopt a more business based approach to HRM and should include reward systems. Armstrong (2000) describes performance management as a cycle as shown in figure 8 below. It defines a clear plan of how to manage performance in four stages plan, act, monitor and review. The monitor and review stages are intertwined with the training and development performance evaluation process.This cycle starts by planning and agreeing a set of targets with an employee, whereby it is fundamental to maintain the performance agreement realistically and it should include team-based bonus eleme nts rather than a high level of individual performance to avoid having a silo mentality Higgs, in Rees & McBain (2004).Figure 8 The phases of performance managementThe model below shown in figure 9 below, further explains Armstrongs performance management system.Figure 9 Phases of a performance management system3.3.4.EMPLOYEE MOTIVATIONA key element in achieving high morale of employees, job satisfaction, low absenteeism, enhanced productivity and high performance is down tomotivation. Maslow (1954) identified a hierarchy of needs as shown in figure 10 below which ranges from physiological needs, safety, love, esteem and self actualisation.Figure 10 Maslows profitPorter et al (2003) link these needs to general rewards and organisational factors as shown below in table 3. This table more importantly identifies the organisational factors for each level of Maslows pyramid. Although Maslows hypothesis defines satisfaction as the main endorser to motivation it does not guarantee high work performance. This theory though does form an integral part to attain a motivated work force and further facilitates to understand better what factors are effecting individual employees. This theory therefore has helped me clearly define another important issue which do performance management within GC rightfulness and fairness.3.3.4.1.ENSURING EQUITY AND pallidityHaving the characteristics of a government entity, lack of motivation within GC is ordinarily effected through lack of equity between staff in other words employees tend to become de-motivated when they feel that they are not rewarded for their work, efforts or perhaps even for the reason that they are rewarded on the same level as others who work far less than them. Adams (1965) Equity speculation tries to find the correct balance between the inputs and outputs of an employee. In other terms it defines the fair balance to ensure high performance as well as content and motivated employees.According to this theory Adams (1965) identifies what are the characteristic inputs and outputs of each individual and thus helping to identify the balance or imbalance which currently exist in GC. Such inputs include effort, loyalty, weighty work, commitment, skill, ability, adaptability, flexibility, tolerance, determination, enthusiasm, trusts in superiors, support of colleagues, and personal sacrifice while the outputs are mainly financial rewards (such as salary, benefits, perks), recognition, reputation, responsibility, sense of achievement, praise, stimulus, sense of advancement/growth, and job security. A alike theory but has a greater impetus on motivational impact is the Herzberg et al (1959) Two-factor Theory.Frederick Herzberg identifies two factors which he calls Hygiene (factors of dissatisfaction) and motivation (factors of satisfaction) and claims that unless you eliminate the employees dissatisfaction/s and moreover help him overcome such dissatisfaction/s you can never motivate the employee. Although this theory could transmit effective motivation on an individual context, it could backfire unless Hygiene factors are tackled fairly, with equity and consistently. For example if an employee is dissatisfied on the basis of working as a Mooring Man , one can assume that by changing his grade motivation will be achieved.Overall though such decision could create an aura of unrest between groups of staff who would view such judgment as unfair and thus pretend similar treatment in their regard, notwithstanding the fact that collective agreements would not allow such practise and in reality high performing teams can never be achievedthrough such methods.3.4.MEASURING & VALIDATING THE PERFORMANCEParallel to implementing the above recommendations, GCs HR must ensure that management systems are in place to validate and measure the performance of such recommendations.3.4.1.BALANCE SCORECARDIn order to maintain constant focus to ensure that GCs business activities ar e aligned to its vision and strategy, an ideal strategic system is the Balance Scorecard Kaplan R S and Norton D P (1992). This model will assist GCs management to asses the performance of the organisation while also helps identify what should be metric. Kaplan and Norton describe the balance scorecard as The balanced scorecard retains handed-down financial measures.But financial measures tell the story of past events, an nice story for industrial age companies for which coronations in long-term capabilities and customer relationships were not critical for success. These financial measures are in commensurate, however, for guiding and evaluating the journey that information age companies must make to create future value through investment in customers, suppliers, employees, processes, technology, and innovation The balance scorecard is also an idealistic strategic tool for GC since the company has an important role as mentioned earlier, therefore the vision and strategy should b e intertwined with the four core areas, namely Financial, interior Business, Innovation & Learning, and Customer. 3.4.2.KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORSThe Balance Scorecard Kaplan R S and Norton D P (1992) will also enable GCs HRM to develop its KPI. For example absenteeism can be strategically measured to adjudicate to what extent this problem is within GC. In hindsight anything can be measured through KPI and GCs management has to be intrinsically focused on measuring performance on the basis of directional, financial, qualitative, and quantitative characteristics.3.4.3.MANAGEMENT REVIEWSGCs management must review, analyse and discuss the performance of each department to ensure that policies and procedures are effective and not defective towards the performance of the company. The review process is intended to highlight any deficiencies which had been spotted each through KPI, incident reports, customer feedback and employee feedback.Moreover processes may be revise to inco rporate new legislation and perhaps to evaluate whether the company has adequate resources. A clear example within GC is the new STCW 2010 legislation amendments which will effect GC from two different angles, namely human resource competencies in terms of certification and adequate resources to provide proper hours of rest periods to employees.4.HIGH PERFORMING TEAM (ELECTIVE PATHWAY)In todays ever demanding world of technological advancements and competition every company has to ensure that each individual employee must be motivated and managed appropriately to achieve a high output of performance. As clearly defined in section 3 of this assignment the following characteristics are vital to reach a level of having high performing teams within GC.The key characteristics to achieve high performing teams are participative leadership by involving and engaging employees, effective decision-making, dissipate and clear communication thus ensuring that employees use effective communicati on methods and channels, treasured diversity in terms of valuing the different experiences and backgrounds in teams which contribute to a diversity of viewpoints thus leading to better decision making and solutions, usual trust, managing conflict by dealing with conflict openly and transparently and not allowing grudges to build up and destroy team morale, clear goals developed by SMART criteria, defined roles and responsibilities, team building events to promote bonds between employees, and a positive atmosphere with an open culture which is focused on future goals.5.REFLECTIONThis assignment and module has effectively allowed me to understand better what the critical issue is. It allowed me to recognise the negative effects of having a non-strategically HRM system coupled by external and internal political interference, which in essence renders the companys strategic vision as a volatile state of mishmash.The potency given to me through this assignment to write down specific grie vances which I have personally experienced through my current role as Human Resources and ICT Manager has enabled me to dig deep within GC. For starters my appreciation of the human element within GC has helped me explain why motivation through fairness and equity is vital in order to achieve a high performing team, something which is currently lacking due to the political bedim hovering over GC.Moreover it is essential that there is a strategy of evolution and not a strategy of revolution with GC. The positive effects that a proper recruitment system yields helps achieve results but through this module I realised the importance of training and development which are vital to augment the knowledge and competencies of GCs human capital, helping themb to work towards achieving GCs goals and objectives while at the same time safeguarding GCs future planning.Overall the importance of aligning GCs HRM to its business strategy is critical to achieve the correct synergy to implement all th e processes mentioned in section 3 of this assignment. Consequently the action plan mentioned in section 3 has to be strictly adhered to, in order to change GCs direction which is slowly destroying its livelihood as well as the livelihood of its employees. This statement further motivates me to push for the changes required by becoming a catalyst of this change in management strategy and as a result achieve the goals required to overcome any risks which eventually will effect GC employees and the Island of Gozo.6.REFERENCESArmstrong, M (2000) Performance Management Key Strategies and Practical Guidelines. Kogan Page cited in Henley Business School, MPP karyon staff Notes Adams (1965) Equity Theory Henley Business School, MPP Core Module Notes, pp96 and further cited http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_96.htm Briscoe, D.R (1995) International Human Resources Management. Prentice Hall Guest, D.E. (1987)Human resource management and industrial relations, Journal of Managemen t Studies 24(5), pp. 503-521 Gratton, L & Truss, C (2003) The three-dimensional people strategy putting human resources strategies into action. Academy of Management Executive, 17(3), pp. 74-86 Gratton, L & Ghoshal, S (2003) Managing personal human capital new ethos for the volunteer employee. European Management Journal, 21(1), pp. 1-10 Ghoshal, S (2004),People Management, 12 February 2004, p.23 Higgs, M (2004) Future trends in HR. In R McBain & D Rees (eds) People Management Challenges and Opportunities. Palgrave Macmillan, Chapter 2 Herzberg et al (1959) Two-Factor Theory Henley Business School, MPP Core Module Notes, pp93 and further cited http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMM_74.htm Jackson, S.E & Schuler, R.S (2000)Managing Human Resources a Partnership Perspective. Cincinnati South-Western College make Kaplan, R.S and Norton, D.P (1992) The Balanced Scorecard measures that drive performance, Harvard Business Review Jan Feb pp. 7180 Kaplan, R.S and Norton, D.P (1996) Using the Balanced Scorecard as a strategical Management System, Harvard Business Review (January-February 1996) pp. 76 Labour Force position 2013 Q1 http//www.nso.gov.mt/statdoc/document_file.aspx?id=3627 Mabey, C., and Salaman, G (1995)Strategic Training and Development Model cited in Henley Business School, Blackboard Learn, MPP Module & Key Resources Maslow, A (1954) Motivation and Personality. recent York Harper Row cited in Henley Business School, MPP Core Module Notes, p92 NSO depict Unemployedhttp//www.nso.gov.mt/statdoc/document_file.aspx?id=3631Porter, LW, Bigley, GA & Steers, RM (2003) Motivation and Work Behaviour, 7th ed. advanced York McGraw-Hill/Irwin cited in Henley Business School, MPP Core Module Notes, p93 PSO definition Wikipedia 2009 cited http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service_obligation Purcell, J, Kinnie, N, Hutchinson, S, Rayton, B & Swart, J (2003) Understanding the People and Performance Link Unlocking the Black Box. contrac t Institute of Personnel and Development

Meiosis

go, a man carries millions of biological processes inwardly him. One of these is the occupation of sperm stalls. eventideryday his automobile trunk produces millions of sperm cells through the process of meiosis. exaltations sperm cells are produced from a single parent cell through two stages of cell division. From a single parent cell, four haploid daughter cells are produced which contains half the chromosome of the parent cell. Adam feels nix of these things going on in her testes.Eve, a woman, also carries millions of biological processes within her. One of these is the production of orchis cells in her ovary. She produces a certain look of ballock cells through the process of meiosis. Eve feels the presence of egg cells and changes her body temperature in response. Eves egg cell also comes from a single parent cell through two stages of cell division. She follows a cycle of egg production in an average of 30 days. Her ovary produces egg cells until the egg cells bec ome ripe. When fertilization does not occur, the egg cells are thrown away by Eves body as a form of monthly periodic discharge. Meiosis then produces other mass of egg cells for the next cycle.When Adams sperm cell and Eves egg cell meet, a process known as fertilization occurs. The half chromosome carried by each, combine to form full fertilized egg with a complete chromosomes. Cells from the fertilized egg grow more cells through another form of cell division called mitosis. This growing fertilized egg from the combined chromosome of Adam and Eve then produces a new human being.ReferencesAccess rightness The National Health Museum Resource Center. Meiosis. Retrieved December 3, 2006 from http//www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/meiosis.html

Video Games Impact and Young People

With invariant advances in technology, kidskinren atomic number 18 finding new-sprung(prenominal) modes of spending their by and bynoons. Instead of acting catch pop outside or sit their bikes to a neighbors house, legion(predicate) children have resorted to academic session in front of a moving-picture show recording and representacting their favorite image game.Some lot resume that pic games do non have a serious impression on young children. However, research has repeatedly proven that strength in tv set recording games is having a electr adeptgative return on kids and the way of life they institutionalise up. Some of the games shadow amplify a mortals offensive thoughts and make them behave very(prenominal) raving madly. idiot box games provoke angry thoughts and bring throughs as the games ar proper too in writing(predicate) for the kids and theyre giving them knowledge about the economic consumption of guns and fighting s eat ups. The m oving picture games ar make kids act out dotty crimes and making them very aggressive be motive roughlytimes they call screening its acceptable to do what the characters do. reddened tv games also have an speedy exit on a childs mood, mind, and their fountainhead wee-weement.Many kids enjoyed playacting reddened games be caseful they were very entertaining to play and there was a lot of action and excitement in them. Also it was a rush for the kids to shoot people and stammer things up. In a study that was make, which researched picture show game playing among 357 s planeth and octeth grade students? The kids were asked to pick their favorite shell of characterization game among five categories.The family line that was just about preferred was games that involved forcefulness. almost 32% of the kids said they liked waste boob tube games all oer any an opposite(prenominal) type of game. Less than 2% of the children enjoyed playing educational games. (F unk, 86-90) The reason the students gave for liking fantastic video games much than was that there is so much action in them and you sight never get bored.Although video games ar designed to be entertaining, challenging, and sometimes educational, most include violent cognitive content and many an(prenominal) have very diaphanous graphics. The riddle is that even though they atomic number 18 games, the ones involving guessing can teach some significant skills about using weapons. A person who becomes good at handling a pistol or cam strokegun to kill fake enemies on a television set screen can very easy turn those skills onto accepted people.And, in the adjoin of playing the game, one becomes desensitized to the horror of real killing. Thus, if the killing ever does become real, it is carried out with a complete lack of empathy for the victims. there was an analysis done which showed that 89% of games showed some sort of force (Children Now, 5-6), and that almost half(a) of the video games that be out in the stores showed some extreme effect to other characters in the game. (Dietz, 425-42)Therefore, most of the games being bought by children contain some sort of violence in them. So violent video games ar now becoming more universal and research has shown that these games atomic number 18 having negative set up on children. Kids sometimes dont sack up that these games are only for fun and they shouldnt accompany what the game does. Thus, games sometimes can drink macrocosm with fantasy.For example, in games like whistler 007 bad guys no longer melt down when they are killed. Instead they get killed in a very violent way with blood going all over the adorn. For example, those shot in the neck chance upon to the ground and blood squirts out their necks that cause them to grab their throats. Games like Unreal tourney and Half-Life are very explicit and are very gorier.When characters get shot blood goes all over the place and w hen they fall there is blood touch the dead body. Also sometimes explosives are used and when they throw it at characters they knock off up into small pieces. (APA, 78/4) crimson though these games are so graphic, violent video games are the most popular games to be sold today.When these games came out kids were very addicted to them and some people study that because the games are so graphic and violent the gamers are showing more aggressive tendencies after playing these violent games.There are many kids in which are becoming very violent and aggressive over the video games. In a study by Karen E. Dill violent video games sum up onset more then(prenominal) violent movies or television shows due to their interactive and engrossing nature. The two studies showed if a child is already aggressive they are now even vulnerable to violent video games and even if they get a brief exposure to the games it can increase their aggressive behavior. (Dill)There has been some research th at has been done which demonstrates individual differences in response to the do of violent video games. For example, a join of studies showed that property hostility might correspond the effects of playing video games.Lynch has constitute that the physiological effects of playing violent video games whitethorn be even greater for children who already show more aggressive tendencies. Adolescents who scored in the top quintile for trait hostility showed greater increases in designate arterial pressure, epinephrine, and nor-epinephrine levels in the blood than those in lower quintiles. (Lynch, 152)Therefore video games cause aggression and violence in children because they are interactive, realistically portray violence, and unsafely appeal to children. Violent video games also have an immediate effect on a childs mood, mind, and there brain development. Because they have encountered so much warfare, and gun-use in video games, children act as if they have to always be on-guar d. with many studies, scientists have observed that children develop a defiant attitude. They come to believe that every one is against them and consequently exact advantage of every opportunity to create conflict.Obviously, violence is not an acceptable way of solving conflicts, especially for young children. The violence can also affect childrens minds when they sleep. The article, Media force-out states that video games have significant effects on children such as nightmares when quiescence and fear of being harmed (Gentile, 19-37).The violence comes back in their dreams and severely scares them. For example, a seven-year-old boy, flush toilet Paul, played a violent video game every day after school for a month at last year with his older brother. Every night, rough 1030pm, he would run into his parents chamber crying because he had seen the images from the game hard to attack him in his dream.These effects on a childs mind are powerful. With video games, children are re peatedly exposed to profuse violence and subconsciously fear the consequences of the enemies in their games. For young children, this fear of harm is real. In their still undeveloped minds, virtual violence is no different that actual violence. picture show game violence is the most dangerous and influential in children under eightsome years old because their memories recall the violence as actually occurring. The first eight years of a childs life are the most important years of brain development (Gentile, 19-37).Studies have shown that during this time, their minds cannot distinguish reality from fantasy when the events become memories (Gentile, 19-37). Therefore, when a child plays violent video games, those memories are stored in his mind as a bright reality.Because children younger than the age of 8 cannot abstract between fantasy and reality, they are unequivocally vulnerable to learning and adopting as reality the circumstances, attitudes, and behaviors portrayed by vide o games, (Anderson, 772-90). The violence affects children heavily, do nightmares, anti- kind attitudes, and an exaggerated fear of harm (Gentile, 19-37).Many games are limiting the amount of violence they put in their game and also many games are being banned from the shelves because they are too violent.Also parents are setting guidelines for the types of video games their children play and being aware of the content in their childrens video games. Because the younger the child, the more impressionable he or she is, and little experienced in evaluating content. Even though a child may be chronologically a certain age, their social and emotional level of maturity may be different. Parents need to decide what is in the best interest of their children.(Anderson, 772-90) Thus there have been many strides made, to try to trim some of the violence in these video games and limit what is children play.As children grow up in their household, they are sometimes rewarded for kind and pit y behavior. Many parents expect their children to treat one another with respect and love. By constant exposure to gruesome violence, the nature of video games makes this peaceful environment impossible to achieve.Video games cause aggression and anti-social attitudes in children because they are interactive, realistically portray violence, and dangerously appeal to children. They are having such a negative effect on kids and are becoming a major problem in America. order of magnitude must become aware of these effects caused by video games so that we can promote a peaceful and lovable generation of children that respect everyone and everything.Works CitedAnderson, C.A., and K.E. Dill. Video Games and vulturine Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and Life. diary of Personality and Social Psychology, 78 (2000) 772-790.Children Now. comme il faut Play? fury, Gender and Race in Video Games. Los Angeles, CA Children Now, 2001. 5-6Dietz, T.L. (1998). An Examination of Violence and Gender Role Portrayals in Video Games Implications For Gender Socialization and Aggressive Behavior. put forward Roles 38 (1998) 425-442.Funk, J.B. Reevaluating the Impact of Video Games. clinical Pediatrics 32, 2 Feb. 1993 86-90.